Amakuru - Filime nyinshi ya PLA: Porogaramu 5 zambere mubipfunyika ibiryo

Mu myaka yashize, isi yose yibanda ku buryo burambye yageze no mu nganda zipakira. Filime gakondo za plastike, nka PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), zimaze igihe kinini ziganje kubera kuramba no guhinduka. Ariko, impungenge z’ingaruka z’ibidukikije zateye inyungu murifirime ibinyabuzimaubundi buryo nka Cellophane na PLA (Acide Polylactique). Iyi ngingo irerekana igereranya ryuzuye hagati ya firime ibora na firime PET gakondo, yibanda kubigize, ingaruka kubidukikije, imikorere, nibiciro.

Ibikoresho hamwe ninkomoko

Gakondo ya PET

PET ni insimburangingo ya pulasitike ikozwe binyuze muri polymerisation ya Ethylene glycol na aside terephthalic, byombi bikomoka ku mavuta ya peteroli. Nibikoresho bishingiye gusa ku bicanwa bidashobora kuvugururwa, umusaruro wabyo usaba ingufu nyinshi kandi bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ya karubone ku isi.

Filime ibora

FilmCellophane:Filime ya selileni firime ya biopolymer ikozwe muri selile yongeye kuvuka, cyane cyane ikomoka kumiti. Ibi bikoresho byakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nkibiti cyangwa imigano, bigira uruhare muburyo burambye. Igikorwa cyo gukora kirimo gushonga selile mumuti wa alkali na karubone disulfide kugirango ibe igisubizo cya viscose. Iki gisubizo noneho gisohoka hifashishijwe agace gato kandi gashya muri firime. Mu gihe ubu buryo bukoresha ingufu mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kandi busanzwe bukubiyemo gukoresha imiti yangiza, harategurwa uburyo bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro ingaruka z’ibidukikije no kuzamura iterambere rusange ry’umusemburo wa selile.
✅Filime ya PLA:Filime ya PLA. Ibi bikoresho bizwi nkuburyo burambye bwa plastiki gakondo kubera kwishingikiriza ku biribwa by’ubuhinzi aho kuba ibicanwa. Umusaruro wa PLA urimo fermentation yisukari yibihingwa kugirango ubyare aside ya lactique, hanyuma igahinduka polymerisime ikora biopolymer. Ubu buryo butwara peteroli nkeya ugereranije n’umusaruro wa plastiki ushingiye kuri peteroli, bigatuma PLA ihitamo ibidukikije.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije

Ibinyabuzima

Cellophane: Biodegradable yuzuye kandi ifumbire mvaruganda murugo cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda, mubisanzwe bitesha agaciro muminsi 30-90.
PLA: Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo gufumbira inganda (≥58 ° C nubushuhe bwinshi), mubyumweru 12-24. Ntabwo ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika mu nyanja cyangwa ibidukikije.
PET: Ntabwo biodegradable. Irashobora kuguma mu bidukikije imyaka 400-500, ikagira uruhare mu guhumanya igihe kirekire.

Ikirenge cya Carbone

Cellophane: Imyuka yubuzima isohoka kuva kuri 2,5 kugeza 3,5 kg CO₂ kuri kg ya firime, bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora.

PLA: Yibyara hafi 1,3 kugeza 1.8 kg CO₂ kuri kg ya firime, munsi cyane ugereranije na plastiki gakondo.

PET: Ubusanzwe imyuka iva kuri 2,8 kugeza kuri 4.0 kg CO₂ kuri kg ya firime kubera gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.

Gusubiramo

Cellophane: Tekiniki ikoreshwa neza, ariko akenshi ifumbire kubera ibinyabuzima byayo.
PLA: Isubirwamo mubikoresho byihariye, nubwo ibikorwa remezo-nyabyo ari bike. PLA nyinshi zirangirira mumyanda cyangwa gutwikwa.
PET: Byakoreshwa cyane kandi byemewe muri gahunda nyinshi za komini. Nyamara, igipimo cyo gutunganya isi ku isi gikomeje kuba gito (~ 20-30%), hamwe na 26% gusa y’amacupa ya PET yongeye gukoreshwa muri Amerika (2022).

Imikorere nibyiza

Guhinduka n'imbaraga

Cellophane
Cellophane yerekana ihinduka ryiza kandi irwanya amarira aringaniye, bigatuma ikenerwa no gupakira ibintu bisaba uburinganire bworoshye hagati yuburinganire bwimiterere no koroshya gufungura. Imbaraga zacyo zingana muri rusange100-150 MPa, ukurikije inzira yo gukora kandi niba itwikiriwe neza kugirango inzitizi zitezimbere. Nubwo bidakomeye nka PET, ubushobozi bwa selofane bwo kunama butavunitse hamwe nibisanzwe byabwo bituma biba byiza gupfunyika ibintu byoroheje kandi byoroshye nkibicuruzwa bitetse na bombo.

PLA (Acide Polylactique)
PLA itanga imbaraga zubukanishi, hamwe nimbaraga zingana hagati50-70 MPa, igereranywa nki ya plastiki isanzwe. Arikoubugomeni imbogamizi nyamukuru-munsi yubushyuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe buke, PLA irashobora gucika cyangwa kumeneka, bigatuma idakwiranye nibisabwa bisaba guhangana ningaruka zikomeye. Inyongeramusaruro hamwe no kuvanga nizindi polymers birashobora kunoza ubukana bwa PLA, ariko ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumafumbire.

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
PET yubahwa cyane kubikorwa byayo byiza. Itanga imbaraga zingana-kuva kuri50 kugeza 150 MPa, ukurikije ibintu nkurwego, ubunini, nuburyo bwo gutunganya (urugero, icyerekezo cya biaxial). PET ikomatanya guhinduka, kuramba, no kurwanya gucumita no kurira bituma iba ibikoresho byatoranijwe kumacupa y'ibinyobwa, tray, hamwe no gupakira neza. Ikora neza murwego rwubushyuhe bwagutse, ikomeza ubunyangamugayo mukibazo no mugihe cyo gutwara.

Inzitizi

Cellophane
Cellophane ifiteinzitizi iringaniyekurwanya imyuka n'ubushuhe. Yayoumuvuduko wa ogisijeni (OTR)Mubisanzwe500 kugeza 1200 cm³ / m² / kumunsi, irahagije kubicuruzwa bigufi-byubuzima nkibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitetse. Iyo itwikiriwe (urugero, hamwe na PVDC cyangwa nitrocellulose), imikorere yayo ya bariyeri itera imbere cyane. Nubwo byemewe cyane kuruta PET cyangwa na PLA, guhumeka kwa selofane birashobora kuba byiza kubicuruzwa bisaba guhanahana amazi.

PLA
Filime ya PLA itangakurwanya ubuhehere bwiza kuruta selileariko ufiteumwuka mwiza wa ogisijenikuruta PET. OTR yayo muri rusange igwa hagati100–200 cm³ / m² / umunsi, ukurikije ubunini bwa firime hamwe na kristu. Nubwo bidakwiriye gukoreshwa na ogisijeni (nkibinyobwa bya karubone), PLA ikora neza mugupakira imbuto nshya, imboga, nibiryo byumye. Inzitizi nshya zongerewe imbaraga za PLA zirimo gutezwa imbere kugirango tunoze imikorere mubisabwa byinshi.

PET
PET itangaIndangagaciro ya barrièrehakurya. Hamwe na OTR nkuko biri hasi1-15 cm³ / m² / umunsi, ni ingirakamaro cyane muguhagarika ogisijeni nubushuhe, bigatuma biba byiza mubipfunyika byibiribwa n'ibinyobwa aho ubuzima buramba ari ngombwa. Inzitizi za PET nazo zifasha kugumana uburyohe bwibicuruzwa, karubone, nubushya, niyo mpamvu yiganje mubinyobwa byuzuye amacupa.

Gukorera mu mucyo

Ibikoresho uko ari bitatu -Cellophane, PLA, na PET—Byerekanabyiza cyane, kubikora bikwiriye gupakira ibicuruzwa ahokwerekana amashushoni ngombwa.

Cellophaneifite isura nziza kandi yiyumvamo bisanzwe, akenshi byongera imyumvire yibicuruzwa byabanyabukorikori cyangwa ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.
PLAni mucyo cyane kandi itanga kurangiza, kurabagirana, bisa na PET, bitabaza ibirango biha agaciro isuku igaragara kandi irambye.
PETikomeza kuba igipimo cyinganda kugirango bisobanuke, cyane cyane mubisabwa nk'amacupa y’amazi hamwe n’ibikoresho bisukuye neza, aho gukorera mu mucyo ari ngombwa kugira ngo hagaragazwe ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.

Porogaramu Ifatika

Gupakira ibiryo

Cellophane: Bikunze gukoreshwa kumusaruro mushya, ibintu byokerezamo impano, nkaimifuka ya selofane, n'ibirungo kubera guhumeka no kubora.

PLA.PLA firime.

PET: Inganda zinganda kumacupa y'ibinyobwa, tray ibiryo byafunzwe, hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, bihabwa agaciro kubikorwa byayo ninzitizi.

Gukoresha Inganda

Cellophane: Biboneka mubikorwa byihariye nko gupfunyika itabi, gupakira imiti ya farumasi, no gupfunyika impano.

PLA: Ikoreshwa mubipfunyika byubuvuzi, firime yubuhinzi, kandi bigenda byiyongera mugucapisha 3D.

PET: Gukoresha cyane mubicuruzwa bipfunyika, ibice byimodoka, hamwe na elegitoroniki kubera imbaraga zabyo no kurwanya imiti.

Guhitamo hagati ya biodegradable amahitamo nka Cellophane na PLA cyangwa firime gakondo ya PET biterwa nibintu byinshi birimo ibyihutirwa byibidukikije, ibikenewe mubikorwa, hamwe nimbogamizi zingengo yimari. Mugihe PET ikomeje kwiganza kubera igiciro gito nibintu byiza, umutwaro wibidukikije hamwe numutima wabaguzi biratera impinduka kuri firime ibora. Cellophane na PLA bitanga ibyiza byibidukikije kandi birashobora kuzamura ishusho yikimenyetso, cyane cyane kumasoko yangiza ibidukikije. Ku masosiyete ashaka gukomeza imbere yiterambere rirambye, gushora imari mubindi bisobanuro birashobora kuba intambwe ishinzwe kandi ifatika.