Mu myaka yashize, disikuru ku bikoresho birambye yagize imbaraga zitigeze zibaho, bigereranywa no kurushaho kumenya ingaruka z’ibidukikije zijyanye na plastiki zisanzwe. Ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika byagaragaye nk'urumuri rw'amizero, bikubiyemo imyitwarire y'ubukungu buzenguruka no gukoresha umutungo ushinzwe. Ibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika bikubiyemo ibyiciro bitandukanye, buri kimwe kigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
1.PHA
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ni polymers ibinyabuzima bigereranywa na mikorobe, mubisanzwe bagiteri, mubihe byihariye. PHA igizwe na hydroxyalkanoic acide monomers, PHA irazwi cyane kubinyabuzima, ibishobora kuvugururwa biva mubisukari byibimera, nibintu bitandukanye. Hamwe na porogaramu kuva mubipfunyika kugeza kubikoresho byubuvuzi, PHA yerekana ibyiringiro byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya plastiki zisanzwe, nubwo bihura nibibazo bikomeje kugaragara neza kandi bikabyara umusaruro munini.
2.PLA
Acide Polylactique (PLA) ni biodegradable na bioactive thermoplastique ikomoka kubutunzi bushobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori cyangwa ibisheke. Azwiho kuba mu mucyo no mu buryo bworoshye, PLA yerekana imiterere yubukanishi. PLA ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye, birimo gupakira, imyenda, nibikoresho bikoresha imiti, PLA yizihizwa kubera biocompatibilité hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Nuburyo burambye bwa plastiki gakondo, PLA ihuza nogukomeza kwibanda kubikoresho byangiza ibidukikije mu nganda zinyuranye. Igikorwa cyo kubyara aside polylactique ntigishobora kwanduzwa kandi ibicuruzwa birashobora kwangirika. Imenya ukuzenguruka muri kamere kandi ni icyatsi kibisi.
3.Cellulose
Cellulose, bikomoka ku rukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima, ni ibintu bitandukanye bigenda byitabwaho mu nganda zipakira. Nkibishobora kuvugururwa kandi byinshi, selile itanga ubundi buryo burambye kubikoresho bisanzwe bipakira. Yaba ikomoka ku biti by'ibiti, ipamba, cyangwa ibisigazwa by'ubuhinzi, ibipfunyika bishingiye kuri selile bitanga inyungu nyinshi. Ibice bimwe na bimwe birashobora gushushanywa kugirango bibe ifumbire mvaruganda, bigira uruhare mukugabanya imyanda y’ibidukikije. Ugereranije n’ibikoresho bipfunyika gakondo, amahitamo ashingiye kuri selile akenshi aba afite ikirenge cyo hasi cya karuboni.
4.PC
Polypropilene Carbonate (PPC) ni polymer ya termoplastique ihuza imiterere ya polypropilene hamwe na polyakarubone. Nibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio kandi bishobora kwangirika, bitanga ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya plastiki gakondo. PPC ikomoka kuri karuboni ya dioxyde na okiside ya propylene, bigatuma ihinduka kandi irambye.PPC yagenewe kuba ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika mubihe bimwe na bimwe, bikayemerera gucamo ibice kamere mugihe, bikagira uruhare mukugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije.
5.PHB
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ni polyester ibinyabuzima kandi ikomoka kuri bio ikomoka mumuryango wa polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHB ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na mikorobe itandukanye nkibikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Irazwi cyane kubinyabuzima, ibishobora kuvugururwa, hamwe na thermoplastique, bituma iba umukandida utanga ikizere mugushakisha ubundi buryo burambye bwa plastiki gakondo. PHB isanzwe ibora ibinyabuzima, bivuze ko ishobora gusenywa na mikorobe mu bidukikije bitandukanye, bikagira uruhare mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ugereranije na plastiki idashobora kwangirika.
6.Intangiriro
Mu rwego rwo gupakira, ibinyamisogwe bigira uruhare runini nkibikoresho biramba kandi byangirika, bitanga ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kuri plastiki zisanzwe. Ibikomoka ku bimera, ibipfunyika bishingiye kuri krahisi bihuza nimbaraga zisi zo kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije kubikoresho bipakira.
7.PBAT
PBAT ni polymer ibora kandi ifumbire mvaruganda yumuryango wa aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters. Ibi bikoresho bitandukanye byateguwe kugirango bikemure ibibazo by’ibidukikije bifitanye isano na plastiki gakondo, bitanga ubundi buryo burambye. PBAT irashobora gukomoka kubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa, nkibihingwa bishingiye ku bimera. Aya masoko ashobora kuvugururwa ahuza nintego yo kugabanya kwishingikiriza kumikoro yanyuma. Kandi yashizweho kugirango ibinyabuzima bigabanuke mubihe bidasanzwe by ibidukikije. Microorganismes isenya polymer mubicuruzwa bisanzwe, bigira uruhare mukugabanya imyanda ya plastike.
Kwinjiza ibikoresho biodegradable byerekana ihinduka rikomeye mubikorwa birambye mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ibi bikoresho, biva mu masoko ashobora kuvugururwa, bifite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo kubora bisanzwe, bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Ingero zigaragara zirimo Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Acide Polylactique (PLA), na Carbonate ya Polypropilene (PPC), buri kimwe gitanga ibintu byihariye nka biodegradabilite, isoko ishobora kuvugururwa, hamwe na byinshi. Kwakira ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bihuza n’isi yose igamije kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya plastiki gakondo, bikemura ibibazo bijyanye n’umwanda no kubura umutungo. Ibi bikoresho bisanga porogaramu mubipfunyika, imyenda, nibikoresho byubuvuzi, bigira uruhare mubukungu bwizunguruka aho ibicuruzwa byateguwe mubitekerezo byabo byanyuma byubuzima. Nubwo hari ibibazo nkibikoresha neza kandi bitanga umusaruro munini, ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga bigamije kuzamura ubuzima bwibikoresho byangirika, biteza imbere ejo hazaza harambye kandi h’ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2023