Intangiriro Kuri buri Kimenyetso cyemewe cya Biodegradation

Ibibazo by’ibidukikije biterwa no kujugunya nabi imyanda ya plastiki byagaragaye cyane, kandi bibaye ingingo ishyushye ku isi yose. Ugereranije na plastiki zisanzwe, ikintu kinini kiranga plastiki ishobora kwangirika ni uko zishobora kwangirika vuba mu mazi yangiza ibidukikije ndetse na karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone mu bihe by’ibidukikije cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bisimburwa bya pulasitiki bishobora gukoreshwa kandi bidashobora gukoreshwa n’umwanda. ibicuruzwa, bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere ibidukikije no kuzamura imibereho.

Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isoko byacapwe cyangwa byanditseho "degradable", "biodegradable", kandi uyumunsi tuzagutwara kugirango usobanukirwe ikirango nicyemezo cya plastiki ibora.

Ifumbire mvaruganda

1.Ishyirahamwe rya BioPlastics Association

Ishyirahamwe ryahoze ryitwa Biodegradable Plastics Society, Ubuyapani (BPS) ryahinduye izina ryitwa Ishyirahamwe BioPlastics Association (JBPA) ku ya 15 Kamena 2007. Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubuyapani BioPlastics (JBPA) ryashinzwe mu 1989 mu Buyapani nkizina ry’umuryango w’ibinyabuzima bya Biodegradable, Ubuyapani (BPS). Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe n’amasosiyete arenga 200 y’abanyamuryango, JBPA yashyize ingufu nyinshi mu kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa “Biodegradable Plastics” na “Plastique ishingiye kuri Biomass” mu Buyapani. JBPA ikomeza ubufatanye bwa hafi na Amerika (BPI), Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (Bioplastique), Ubushinwa (BMG) na Koreya kandi ikomeza ibiganiro nabo ku bijyanye na tekiniki zitandukanye, nk’uburyo bwa Analytical bwo gusuzuma ibinyabuzima, ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa, kumenyekana na labels sisitemu nibindi twibwira ko itumanaho rya hafi mugace ka Aziya ari ngombwa cyane cyane bifitanye isano nibikorwa byihuse byiterambere muri utwo turere.

2.Ikigo cyibicuruzwa bishobora kugabanywa

BPI nubuyobozi buyobora ibicuruzwa bifumbira mvaruganda no gupakira muri Amerika ya ruguru. Ibicuruzwa byose byemejwe na BPI byujuje ubuziranenge bwa ASTM kugirango ifumbire ifumbire mvaruganda, hubahirizwa ibipimo byujuje ibisabwa bijyanye no guhuza ibiribwa n'ibiti byo mu gikari, byujuje imipaka ya fluor yuzuye (PFAS), kandi igomba kwerekana ikimenyetso cya BPI. Gahunda yo gutanga impamyabumenyi ya BPI ikora ifatanije n’uburezi n’ubuvugizi bugamije gufasha kwirinda ibiribwa n’ibindi binyabuzima bitarimo imyanda.

BPI yateguwe nk’ishyirahamwe ridaharanira inyungu ry’abanyamuryango, riyobowe n’inama y’ubuyobozi, kandi rikoreshwa n’abakozi bitanze bakorera mu biro byo mu rugo muri Amerika.

3.Ubushakashatsi Institut für Normung

DIN ni urwego rushinzwe ubuziranenge rwemewe na guverinoma y’Ubudage kandi ruhagarariye Ubudage mu nzego z’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga mpuzamahanga ziteza imbere kandi zigatangaza ibipimo by’Ubudage n’ibindi bisubizo ngenderwaho kandi bigateza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo. Ibipimo byateguwe na DIN bikubiyemo hafi buri gice nkubwubatsi bwubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, metallurgie, inganda zimiti, inganda zamashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga ryumutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, ubuzima, kurinda umuriro, ubwikorezi, kubungabunga urugo nibindi. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1998, amahame 25.000 yari amaze gutunganywa no gutangwa, buri mwaka hateganijwe ibipimo bigera ku 1.500. Abarenga 80% muri bo bakiriwe n’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

DIN yinjiye mu Muryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe Ubuziranenge mu 1951. Komisiyo y’Ubudage ishinzwe amashanyarazi (DKE), yashinzwe ku bufatanye na DIN n’ikigo cy’Ubudage gishinzwe amashanyarazi (VDE), ihagarariye Ubudage muri komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’ikoranabuhanga. DIN kandi ni komite yu Burayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge hamwe n’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi by’i Burayi.

4. Ibinyabuzima byo mu Burayi

Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) na Bioplastique yu Burayi (EUBP) batangije gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo byibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, bizwi ku izina rya Seedling logo. Icyemezo gishingiye kuri EN 13432 na ASTM D6400 kubikoresho nkibikoresho fatizo, inyongeramusaruro nabahuza hakoreshejwe kwandikisha isuzuma, nibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe ibyemezo. Ibikoresho nibicuruzwa byanditswe kandi byemejwe birashobora kwakira ibimenyetso byemeza.

5.Ishyirahamwe ry’ibinyabuzima byo muri Ositaraliya

ABA yitangiye guteza imbere plastiki ifumbire mvaruganda kandi ishingiye kubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa.

ABA itanga gahunda yo kugenzura ku bushake, ku masosiyete cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo bifuza kugira ibyo bavuga ko byubahiriza Standard ya Ositarariya 4736-2006, plastiki y’ibinyabuzima - “Ibinyabuzima byangiza umubiri bikwiranye n’ifumbire mvaruganda no kuvura mikorobe” (Standard Standard AS 4736-2006) .

ABA yatangije gahunda yo kugenzura ibigo byifuza kugenzura niba byubahirizwa mu rugo rwa Composting yo muri Ositarariya, AS 5810-2010, “Amashanyarazi y’ibinyabuzima abereye ifumbire mvaruganda” (Standard Standard AS 5810-2010).

Ishyirahamwe rikora nk'itumanaho ryibanda ku bitangazamakuru, guverinoma, imiryango y’ibidukikije ndetse n’abaturage, ku bibazo bijyanye na bioplastique.