Abakunda kunywa itabi bagomba kuba bamenyereye gupakira selile. Usibye cigara ya Cuba mbere ya 1992, itari ifite impapuro zo gupakira, sigari nyinshi muri iki gihe zipakirwa mubikoresho bipakira neza. Ariko se selile ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki ikunzwe cyane?
Mu 1910, umuhanga mu by'imiti mu Busuwisi Jacques Brandenberger yakoze ubupayiniya bwa selofane yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa kandi yamamaye cyane mu nganda zipakira bombo n’ibicuruzwa by’itabi. Gupakira itabi rya selile ya mbere yavukiye i Tampa, muri Floride mu 1927, kandi ibindi bihugu byahise bikurikiza. Muri Cuba, kugeza mu myaka ya za 90, ibikoresho byinshi byo gupakira itabi byari bikozwe muri selile. Kugabanuka kwa selofane muri iki gihe biterwa n’igiciro cyayo cyo hejuru ugereranije no kuba hari ibikoresho bya sintetike bikozwe mu mavuta y’amabuye y'agaciro, ariko kubungabunga ubuziranenge ni byo byambere byo gupakira itabi.
Impapuro zo hejuru zidashobora kwihanganira impapuro zahindutse igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho byo guteka, bigatera umuyaga w "impapuro zometseho" guteka mu nganda z’ibiribwa by’i Burayi! Urupapuro rusize neza rwose rushobora kubona impinduka muburyo bwo guteka ibiryo, bigatuma umutetsi ahindura igihe nubushyuhe mugihe gikwiye, akagumana imirire nuburyohe bwibiryo, mugihe kandi atanga abarya ibyokurya byubaka!
Teka impapuro zometseho ubushyuhe bwinshi! Umutetsi akoresha impapuro zo guteka zo mu Butaliyani Carta Fata zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 230 ° C kandi zishobora gutekwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye. Ibikoresho bishya nka lobster na crabs bipfunyitse muri byo kugirango biteke ibiryo byiza, mugihe bibungabunga agashya nimirire yibigize. Ubu ni uburyo bushya bwo guteka budashobora kubura.
Cellophane, izwi kandi nka selofane ya firime, ni firime yoroheje ikozwe muburyo bwo gufatisha hakoreshejwe fibre karemano nka pamba na pompe yimbaho nkibikoresho fatizo. Iraboneye, idafite uburozi, kandi nta mpumuro nziza.
Urunigi rwa molekuline rufite mikorobe itangaje, ituma ibicuruzwa bihumeka nk'igi binyuze muri micropores ku gishishwa cy'amagi, bigira akamaro cyane mu kubungabunga no gukora ibicuruzwa; Kurwanya cyane amavuta, alkaline, na organic organic; Ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi ahamye kandi ntishobora kwikuramo umukungugu; Ikozwe muri fibre naturel, irashobora kwinjiza amazi mumyanda kandi ikangirika idateye umwanda ibidukikije. Byakoreshejwe cyane nkimpapuro zitondekanya ibicuruzwa nimpapuro zo gupakira. Gukorera mu mucyo bituma imbere y’ibicuruzwa bigaragara neza, kandi ifite n'imiterere nko kurwanya ubushuhe, kudahinduka, guhumeka, no gufunga ubushyuhe, bitanga uburinzi bwiza ku bicuruzwa. Ugereranije na firime isanzwe ya plastike, ifite ibyiza nko kutagira amashanyarazi ahamye, kwirinda ivumbi, no gukora neza. Impapuro z'ikirahure zirashobora kuba umweru, amabara, nibindi. Birashobora gukoreshwa nka kimwe cya kabiri cyinjira.
Cellophane isubirwamo selile, kandi hariho guhumeka neza hagati yitsinda ryayo, bifite akamaro kanini mukubungabunga ibicuruzwa. Ntabwo irwanya umuriro ahubwo irwanya ubushyuhe, kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 190 ℃ idafite ihinduka. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubipfunyika ibiryo kugirango yanduze ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nibiryo. Byongeye kandi, nkibikoresho fatizo bya selofane biva muri kamere, bifite kubora cyane
Azwi kandi nka selile. Filime ya selile yongeye kuvugururwa ifite umucyo mwinshi kandi urabagirana. Hano hari impapuro zipapuro nimpapuro. Umubare 30-60g / ㎡. Ibara ritagira ibara, rishobora kandi gusiga amabara atandukanye. Impapuro ziroroshye, zibonerana kandi zoroshye, nta gutobora, guhumeka, amavuta n'amazi birwanya amazi. Kwinangira mu rugero. Ifite imbaraga nziza, kurabagirana, no gucapwa. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro butandukanye no gukora impapuro kandi bisa nuburyo bwa silike artificiel. fata α- Igiti gitunganijwe neza cyibiti cyangwa ipamba yashegeshwe hamwe na selile nyinshi ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango utegure selile ya alkaline ukoresheje alkalisation (18% sodium hydroxide), gukanda, kumenagura, nibindi bikorwa. Nyuma yo gusaza, karubone disulfide yongerewe kuri selile ya selulose ya xanthate yumuhondo, igashonga mumisemburo ya sodium hydroxide kugirango itange selile ya selile. Ibifatika bikuze ku bushyuhe bwa 20-30 ℃, byungururwa kugirango bikureho umwanda n’ibibyimba, hanyuma bisohore mu cyuho gito mu mashini ikurura firime. Itemba mu bwogero bwa coagulation ya acide sulfurike na sodium sulfate ivanze kugirango ikore firime yoroheje (firime ya selile yongeye kuvuka), hanyuma ikogejwe, yandujwe, ihumanya, yandujwe, na plastiki (glycerol na Ethylene glycol, nibindi), hanyuma iruma. kubyara. Ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa nkibiyobyabwenge, ibiryo, itabi, imyenda, kwisiga, ibikoresho byuzuye, nibindi.
Guhindura impagarara zimpapuro zibirahure bigira ingaruka kumurambure wa firime mugihe cyo gucapa. Muburyo bwemewe bwimbaraga, kurambura byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwimpagarara, bigatuma bigorana kugera kumyandikire yamabara. Impagarara zirashobora guhinduka ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho bya substrate no kuramba. Kurugero, niba kurambura firime ya PE ari binini, agaciro ka tension kagomba kuba nto; Ku mpapuro, PET, OPP, nizindi firime za plastike zifite igipimo gito cyo kwaguka, impagarara zirashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukwiye. Ubuso bworoshye kandi butarimo imyenge, kandi urwego rwa wino ntirukosorwa byoroshye cyangwa ntirukosowe neza. Nyuma yo gucapa ibara rya mbere rirangiye, biroroshye guhagarikwa na wino uhereye kumurongo ukurikiraho, bigatera imiterere ninyandiko bituzuye, bikavamo inenge;
Nyuma yo gupakira ibintu hamwe na yo, irashobora kwirinda ingese, ubushuhe, n’umwanda. Ariko selofane nayo ifite ibibi: imbaraga ndende ndende, imbaraga nke zo guhinduranya, imbaraga zidashwanyagurika, ndetse nigice gito gishobora gucika byoroshye. Impapuro z'ikirahure nazo zifite hydrophilicity, kuburyo ishobora gukuramo amazi. Ku bijyanye n'amazi, akenshi irubahiriza, kandi iyo igeze ku bushyuhe, impapuro zimpapuro zihuza byoroshye. Ibiranga selofane ni mucyo mwinshi, ububengerane bukomeye, kandi cyane cyane ibara ryiza nyuma yo gucapa amashusho ninyandiko, bidashobora kugerwaho na firime ya plastike; Ihinduka ryiza ryo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, nta buryo bwo kuvura mbere yo gucapa, n'impapuro z'ikirahure nazo zifite imikorere yo kurwanya anti-static, ntibyoroshye guhuza adsorb ivumbi no kwirinda gucapa amakosa nko gushushanya no gufata inyandiko. Nyamara, kutarwanya ubuhehere ni bibi, kandi firime ikunda guhinduka bitewe nubushyuhe nubushuhe, bigatuma kwandikisha amashusho hamwe ninyandiko bigoye mugihe cyo gucapa.
Shokora yonyine ku isi yavutse ku mugaragaro. Clara Ritter yasabye gukora ubwoko bwa shokora ishobora gushirwa mu ikoti rya siporo bitagabanije ibiro. Iki cyifuzo cyakiriwe vuba mumuryango. Ubu bwoko bwa shokora bwitwa "Shokora ya Rhett ya Siporo" kuko ihuye neza nimyenda ya siporo yabagabo.
Mu 1939, imvururu zabereye i Waldenburg.
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, umusaruro wa shokora wagabanutse buhoro buhoro hanyuma amaherezo uhagarika umusaruro mu 1940.
Mu 1946, baragarutse!
Uruganda rwa shokora ya Alfred Ritter rukomeje gukora bombo zitandukanye zitari kakao.
Mu 1960, watsinze ibibanza bito byo mu Budage bw'Amajyepfo.
Alfred Otto Ritter yahisemo kwibanda kubucuruzi bwikigo kuri shokora. Ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi nka bombo yibiruhuko, shokora ndende ndende, hamwe na shokora ya shokora yuzuye ihagarikwa buhoro buhoro. Kandi washyizeho neza ikirango cya Ritter Sport. Muri kiriya gihe, shokora nshya ya kare yari yizingiye mu mpapuro za shokora ya shokora ya shokora, ikirango cya Ritter Sport cyanditswemo cyane.
Mu 1970, diyama nto yakwirakwijwe mu Budage.
Uyu mwaka ni uw'ingenzi kuri ubu bucuruzi bw'umuryango, kuko bumaze kumenyekana ku baturage bose b'Abadage. Ritter Sport izana shokora ya yogurt itigeze ibaho - shokora ya mbere mu Budage irimo yogurt. Muri icyo gihe, amatangazo ya tereviziyo yakwirakwiriye mu gihugu na yo ntiyari yarigeze abaho mu Budage icyo gihe. Iri tangazo rigezweho, rishimishije, kandi ridasanzwe, hamwe nijambo ryumvikana ngo 'Shokora nziza ni kare', ishimangira umwihariko wa Ritter Sport.
1) Cellophane
Cellophane ni firime igaragara cyane kandi yuzuye ububengerane bwa selile ya selile, yahoze yitwa selofane, ikaba ihinduranya selofane yicyongereza. Nubwoko bwimpapuro zikoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa, biri mubyiciro byimpapuro. Nyamuneka menya ko hariho ijambo ryitwa selileide, ntabwo ari impapuro, ahubwo ni plastike ya nitrocellulose (ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora imipira ya tennis ya tennis). Celluloid ni igisobanuro cyicyongereza cya selile. Ntukitiranya byombi.
Ubwinshi bwa selile ni 30-60g / m2. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimpapuro: impapuro zirambuye nimpapuro. Mubisanzwe urupapuro rutagira ibara, rubonerana, kandi rworoshye, rudatoboye, ntiruhumeka, ntamavuta yinjira, kandi ntamazi yinjira; Kugira urwego runaka rwo gukomera; Ifite imbaraga nziza, kurabagirana, no gucapwa. Irashobora kandi gusiga irangi mumabara atandukanye (umutuku, umuhondo, nibindi).
Cellophane isubirwamo selile, kandi icyuho kiri hagati yitsinda ryacyo gifite umwuka mwiza uhumeka, ufite akamaro mukurinda no kubika ibicuruzwa. Ntabwo irwanya umuriro, ariko irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 190 ℃ idafite ihinduka. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubipfunyika ibiryo kugirango yanduze ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nibiryo. Bitewe ninkomoko yabyo, selofane ifite imbaraga zangirika kandi bigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije.
Impapuro zikirahure zikoreshwa α- Gutunganya ibiti bya chimique bitunganijwe cyangwa ipamba yashegeshwe hamwe na selile nyinshi ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi selile ya alkali itegurwa binyuze muri alkalisation (18% sodium hydroxide), gukanda, kumenagura, nibindi bikorwa. Nyuma yo gusaza, karubone disulfide yongerwaho umuhondo muri selulose xanthate, igashonga mumisemburo ya sodium hydroxide kugirango ikore selile selile. Ibifatika bikuze ku bushyuhe bwa 20-30 ℃, byungururwa kugirango bikureho umwanda n’ibibyimba, hanyuma bisohore mu cyuho gito mu mashini ikurura firime. Itemba mu bwogero bwa coagulation ya acide sulfurike na sodium sulfate ivanze kugirango ikore firime yoroheje (firime ya selile yongeye kuvuka), hanyuma ikogejwe, yandujwe, ihumanya, yandujwe, na plastiki (glycerol na Ethylene glycol, nibindi), hanyuma iruma. kubyara.
2) Impapuro za fibre fibre
Impapuro z'ikirahure ni impapuro zikoreshwa mu nganda zikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura, ibikoresho bikurura amajwi, ibikoresho byo kubika, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi. , hamwe no guhagarara neza.
Ubu bwoko bwimpapuro bufite itandukaniro ritandukanye no gukora impapuro zisanzwe, kuko ikoresha fibre yikirahure 100% (cyane cyane igizwe na silika, hamwe na diameter ya 0.3-0.5) μ Ikorwa no gukubita byoroheje, kongeramo ibiti, cyangwa kongeramo ibiti bivangwa na chimique. kumashini maremare y'urubuga cyangwa imashini izenguruka impapuro. Urashobora kandi kongeramo silicone cyangwa colloidal alumina kugirango utezimbere imbaraga zimpapuro.
Igikorwa cyo gukora impapuro za fibre fibre (cyangwa ikirahure cya fibre fibre air filter) iroroshye ugereranije nuburyo rusange bwo gukora impapuro. Kuberako fiberglass idasaba gukubitwa, igomba gukwirakwizwa gusa. Kandi nta mpamvu yo gukanda mugihe ukora kopi. Kugabanya inzira no kuzigama ingufu.
Inzira igenda niyi ikurikira: fibre yububiko no gupakira
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Film ya Cellophane - HuiZhou YITO Packaging Co., Ltd.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-22-2023