Abakunda kunywa itabi bagomba kuba bamenyereye ibipamba byo hambere. Usibye Cuba Cigars mbere ya 1992, idafite impapuro zipakingira, cigaraper nyinshi uyumunsi ipakiye mubikoresho byo gupakira. Ariko se clophane ni iki kandi kuki ikunzwe cyane?
Mu 1910, chimis claciste ya Swiss Jacques Brandenberger yabayemo ubupayiniya yahuye n'ibipimo by'umutekano w'ibiribwa kandi yunguka byinshi mu nganda zipakira borozi n'ibitaku. Abapakiye itabi ryambere bavukiye muri Tampa, muri Florida mu 1927, kandi ibindi bihugu byihuse bikurikirana. Muri Cuba, kugeza mu myaka ya za 90, ibikoresho byo gupakira itabi benshi byari bikozwe muri celiphane. Kugabanuka kwa clophane uyumunsi biterwa nigiciro cyacyo cyo hejuru kandi kiboneka ibikoresho bya synthetike bikozwe mumavuta mabi, ariko kubungabunga ubuziranenge ni uguhitamo kwambere gupakira itabi.
Urupapuro rwo hejuru rwo guhangana nacyo rwabaye igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho byo guteka, bigatera umuyaga wa "speed page" guteka mu nganda zigaburira iburayi! Urupapuro rufite umucyo rwose rushobora kubona impinduka muburyo bwo guteka ibiryo, bigatuma chef ihindura igihe nubushyuhe muburyo bwibiri, nubwo nanone itanga ibiryo, nubwo nanone bitanga ibyatsi biruhura!
Guteka impapuro zanditse ku bushyuhe bwinshi! Umuhemu akoresha igitaliyaro carta fata premium ateka impapuro zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 230 ° C kandi burashobora gutekwa gukoresha uburyo butandukanye. Ibikoresho bishya nka lobster na crabs bipfunyitsemo kugirango bateke ibiryo byiza, mugihe ukingashya nimirire yibigize. Ubu ni uburyo bushya bwo guteka bidashobora kubura.
Cellephane, uzwi kandi nka firime ya Cellophane, ni firime yoroheje ikozwe nuburyo bufatika ukoresheje fibre karemano nka pantop hamwe nimbaho yimbaho nkibikoresho fatizo. Numucyo, udafite uburozi, kandi ufite impumuro.
Urunigi rwa molekile rufite micro nziza cyane, bituma ibicuruzwa bihumeka nkigi wanyuze kuri micropores kumagi, ningirakamaro cyane kubungabunga nibikorwa byibicuruzwa; Kurwanya bikomeye kuri oily, alkaline, nibisubizo kama; Ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi ahagaze kandi ntabwo yikunda umukungugu; Bikozwe muri fibre karemano, birashobora kunya amazi mumyanda kandi ugabonwa ntateje umwanda wibidukikije. Ikoreshwa cyane nko kumurongo wibicuruzwa nimpapuro zo gupakira imitako. Gukorera mu mucyo bituma imbere bisobanutse neza, kandi bifite kandi imitungo nko kurwanya ubuhehere, kudatungura, no guteroha, no gukiza ubushyuhe, gutanga uburinzi bwiza kubicuruzwa. Ugereranije na firime isanzwe ya plastiki, ifite ibyiza nkaba amashanyarazi ahagaze, gukumira umukungugu, nibintu byiza bigarukira. Impapuro z'ikirahure zirashobora kuba umweru, amabara, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa nkigice cya kabiri cya membrane.
Cellophane irashya kuri churilose, kandi hariho umuryango mwiza cyane hagati yitsinda ryayo ryiza, rifite akamaro cyane yo kubungabunga ibicuruzwa. Ntabwo ari irwari irwanya umuriro, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe, kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 190 ℃ Nta kumenyekanisha. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugupakira ibiryo kugirango utegure ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nibiryo. Mubyongeyeho, nkuko ibikoresho fatizo bya Cellophane biva muri kamere, bifite decomposed
Uzwi kandi nka selile. Filime ya Celegating yavuguruwe hamwe no mucyo hejuru no kurahira. Hano hari impapuro zingana nurupapuro rwurubuga. Bisabwa 30-60g / ㎡. Ibara, irashobora kandi gufungurwa mumabara atandukanye. Impapuro ziroroshye, mu mucyo kandi neza, nta gutobora, guhumeka, amavuta n'amazi. Gukomera. Ifite imbaraga nziza cyane, indagihe, no gusohora. Uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro buratandukanye nimpapuro kandi bisa na silk yubukorikori. Emera α- Guhuza imiti ya chimique cyangwa ipamba yashonje ifunzwe hamwe nibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya alkaline (18% byamazi ya sodium), gukanda, kumenagura, nibindi bikorwa. Nyuma yo gusaza, gutandukana kwa karubone byongewe kuri selile Xanthate, bishonga muri sodiyumu igisubizo cyo gutanga selile orange. Imyifatire ikuze ku bushyuhe bwa 20-30 ℃, yarushijeho gukuraho umwanda no kuvuza ibituba, hanyuma arazirikana mu gihore gito mu mashini ikurura filime. Itemba mu bwogero bwa coagulation ya aside sulfuric na sodium sulfate ivanze kugirango ikore film yoroheje (filime yavuguruwe, ikabasiwe, kandi yatewe ubwoba, kandi amaherezo yumye ku musaruro. Ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa nk'ibiyobyabwenge, ibiryo, itabi, imyenda, kwisiga, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, n'ibindi.
Impinduka mu mpagarara zikirahure zigira ingaruka kuri firime mugihe cyo gucapa. Mu mbaraga zemewe, kurengera byiyongera hamwe no kongera impagarara, bituma bigora kugera ku icapiro ryamabara. Impagarara zirashobora guhindurwa ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho bya substrate no kurambura. Kurugero, niba kuramya bya pe firime ari nini, agaciro ka tensiyo kagomba kuba bito; Ku mpapuro, amatungo, opp, nandi mafilime ya plastike hamwe nigipimo gito cya kwagura, impagarara zirashobora kwiyongera neza. Ubuso buroroshye kandi butarimo pores, kandi urwego rwinkingi ntirukosorwa byoroshye cyangwa kutakosorwa. Nyuma yo gucapa amabara yambere arangiye, biroroshye gukomera kuri wino uhereye kumabara akurikira, bigatuma habaho imiterere yuzuye, bikavamo inenge;
Nyuma yo gupakira hamwe nabyo, irashobora gukumira ingero, ubushuhe, numwakanwa. Ariko clophane nayo ifite ibisubizo: imbaraga ndende ndende, imbaraga zoroheje, gucika intege nke, ndetse nigice gito gishobora kumeneka byoroshye. Impapuro z'ikirahure nazo zifite hydrophilicity, niko ishobora gukuramo amazi. Ku bijyanye n'amazi, bikunze kubahiriza, kandi iyo bigeze ku bushyuhe, impapuro z'impapuro zirahuzwa byoroshye. Ibiranga Cellophane ni mucyo Mucyo, kandi ibara ryiza cyane nyuma yo gucamo amashusho n'amasomo, bidashobora kugerwaho na firime za plastike; Guhuza imikorere myiza, nta kuvura mbere yo gucapa, kandi impapuro zikirahure nazo zifite imikorere yo kuvura irwanya static, ntabwo byoroshye kugoreka umukungugu no kwirinda amakosa yo gucapa nkamashusho nishusho. Ariko, kurwanya ubuhehere nikene, kandi film ikunda guhindura kubera ubushyuhe nubushuhe, bikavamo kwandikisha amashusho ninyandiko mugihe cyo gucapa.
Shokora yonyine yisi yavutse kumugaragaro. Clara Ritter yasabye kubyara ubwoko bwa shokora ishobora gushyirwa mu ikoti rya siporo ridafite uburemere. Iki cyifuzo cyagaragaye vuba kumuryango. Ubu bwoko bwa shokora yitwa "Shokora ya Shokora ya Rhett" kuko ihuye neza mumuyoboro wa siporo yabagabo.
Mu 1939, imvururu ziri i Wadidenburg.
Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, igipimo cya Shokolate cyagiye garaga garagaruka kandi amaherezo byahagaritswe mu 1940.
Mu 1946, baragarutse!
Uruganda rwa shokora ya shokora ya shokora rukomeje kubyara bo bo bo muri bo bo muri bo bo muri bo boari zingana.
Mu 1960, yigarurira kare ntoya y'Abadage mu majyepfo.
Alfred Otto Ritter yahisemo kwibanda kubucuruzi bwisosiyete kuri Chocolate. Ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi nka bombo nyabagendwa, shokora ndende ya shokora Kandi yashyizeho ikimenyetso cya siporo ya Ritter. Muri kiriya gihe, shokora nshya ya kare yari ipfunyitse muri Shokora amabara ya Chocophane y'amabara, hamwe na logo ya RITIT SPORY yoroshye.
Mu 1970, diyama nto yakwirakwiriye mu Budage.
Uyu mwaka ni ingenzi kuri ubu bucuruzi bwumuryango, kuko byamenyekanye cyane nabaturage bose. Ritter Sport izana shokora itigeze ibaho - shokora ya mbere mubudage irimo yogurt. Muri icyo gihe, amatangazo ya tereviziyo yakwirakwiriye mu gihugu hose nabo atigeze ayitwa mu Budage icyo gihe. Ibi bigezweho, bishimishije, kandi bidasanzwe, hamwe na slogan yumvikana 'shokora nziza ni kare', ishimangira umwihariko wa siporo ya Ritter.
1) Cellephane
Cellophane numucyo usobanutse kandi uvuguruye wavuguruwe cyane, ahahoze uzwi nka Cellophane, ni ugusobanura impinduramatwara yicyongereza. Nubwoko bwimpapuro zikoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa, ni ibyiciro byimpapuro zipakira. Nyamuneka menya ko hari kandi ijambo ryitwa selileid, ritari impapuro, ahubwo ni plastiki ya nitrocellse (ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora imipira ya tennis yo kumeza). Ubuturi hamwe nubusobanuro bwicyongereza bwa selile. Ntukitiranya bombi.
Ubwinshi bwa clophane muri rusange 30-60g / m2. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimpapuro: impapuro ziringaniye nurupapuro rwurubuga. Mubisanzwe utagira ibara, umucyo, kandi urutoki rworoshye, nta gutobora, ntabwo wahumeka, ntabwo ari amavuta arakomeye, kandi ntabwo ari amazi arakomeye; Kugira urwego runaka rwo gukomera; Ifite imbaraga nziza cyane, indagihe, no gusohora. Irashobora kandi gufungurwa mumabara atandukanye (umutuku, umuhondo, nibindi).
Cellophane irashya kuri churilose, kandi icyuho kiri hagati yitsinda ryayo molecular bifite umuryango mwiza, nibyingirakamaro kugirango urinde no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa. Ntabwo ari irwari irwanya umuriro. Kandi irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 190 ℃ Nta kumenyekanisha. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugupakira ibiryo kugirango utegure ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nibiryo. Kubera inkomoko karemano, Celophane ifite decomposed kandi ifite ingaruka nke kubidukikije.
Impapuro z'ikirahure zakoreshejwe α- kunseke y'ibiti by'ibiti byashojwe hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ibice byinshi, kandi selile ya alkali yateguwe binyuze muri alkalisation (gukanda, gukaraba, nibindi bikorwa. Nyuma yo gusaza, gutandukana kwa karubone byongewe kumuhondo muri selile Xanthate, bishonga muri sodiim igisubizo cyo gutanga selile orange. Imyifatire ikuze ku bushyuhe bwa 20-30 ℃, yarushijeho gukuraho umwanda no kuvuza ibituba, hanyuma arazirikana mu gihore gito mu mashini ikurura filime. Itemba mu bwogero bwa coagulation ya aside sulfuric na sodium sulfate ivanze kugirango ikore film yoroheje (filime yavuguruwe, ikabasiwe, kandi yatewe ubwoba, kandi amaherezo yumye ku musaruro.
2) impapuro za fibre
Impapuro za fibre fibre nimpapuro zinganda zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kuyungurura, ibintu bikurura neza, nibindi bikoresho bikozwe muri fibre ntoya yikirahure, nibindi bikoresho byimpande.
Ubu bwoko bw'impapuro bufite itandukaniro riva mu mpapuro zisanzwe, kuko rikoresha fibre 100% (cyane cyane muri Silica, rigizwe no gukubita byoroshye, cyangwa kongeramo ibiti by'imiti ku ruganda rurerure. Urashobora kandi kongeramo silicone cyangwa colloidal alumina kugirango utezimbere imbaraga zimpapuro.
Igikorwa cyumusaruro wimpapuro za fibre fibre (cyangwa ikirahuri fibre filter urupapuro) biroroshye ugereranije nimpapuro rusange. Kuberako fiberglass ntibisaba gukubitwa, bigomba gusa kutanyeta. Kandi nta mpamvu yo gukanda mugihe dukora kopi. Kugabanya inzira n'imbaraga zabitswe.
Inzira Yumurongo niyi ikurikira: Fiberglass → Gutabira → Ibikoresho byo kubika → Agasanduku ka SLURY → Icyumba cyumye → Gufunga no gupakira
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Filime ya Cellophane - Huizhou Yito Gupakira Co, Ltd.
Igihe cyohereza: Sep-22-2023