Iyo abantu batekereje ku micungire y’imyanda ikomeye, birashoboka ko babihuza n’imyanda yajugunywe mu myanda cyangwa igatwikwa. Mugihe ibikorwa nkibi bigizwe nigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa, ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mugushinga uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imyanda (ISWM). Kurugero, tekinike yo kuvura ikora kugirango igabanye ingano nuburozi bwimyanda ikomeye. Izi ntambwe zirashobora kuyihindura muburyo bworoshye bwo kujugunya. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya bwatoranijwe kandi bugakoreshwa hashingiwe ku miterere, ibiyigize, n'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho by'imyanda.
Dore uburyo bukomeye bwo gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya:
Kuvura Ubushyuhe
Gutunganya imyanda yumuriro bivuga inzira ikoresha ubushyuhe mugutunganya imyanda. Ibikurikira ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imyanda yubushyuhe:
Gutwika ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura imyanda. Ubu buryo burimo gutwika imyanda imbere ya ogisijeni. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura amashyuza bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kugarura ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa gushyushya. Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byinshi. Igabanya vuba imyanda, igabanya amafaranga yo gutwara no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Gazi na Pyrolysis nuburyo bubiri busa, bwombi bubora imyanda kama mu kwerekana imyanda muke wa ogisijeni nubushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Pyrolysis ikoresha rwose nta ogisijeni mugihe gazi itanga urugero rwa ogisijeni nkeya mubikorwa. Gazi ni nziza cyane kuko ituma inzira yo gutwika igarura ingufu idateye umwanda.
Gufungura gutwika ni umurage wo gutunganya imyanda yangiza ibidukikije. Gutwika bikoreshwa muri ubwo buryo nta bikoresho bigenzura umwanda. Barekura ibintu nka hexachlorobenzene, dioxyyine, monoxyde de carbone, ibintu byangiza, ibinyabuzima bihindagurika, ibinyabuzima bya polyisikike, hamwe nivu. Kubwamahirwe, ubu buryo buracyakoreshwa nubuyobozi bwinshi bwibanze ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kuko butanga igisubizo kidahenze kumyanda ikomeye.
Kujugunya imyanda
Imyanda y’isuku itanga igisubizo gikoreshwa cyane mu guta imyanda. Iyi myanda irasabwa gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije cyangwa ubuzima bw’abaturage kubera guta imyanda. Izi mbuga ziherereye aho ibiranga ubutaka bikora nkibimera bisanzwe hagati y ibidukikije n’imyanda. Kurugero, ahantu hajugunywe imyanda hashobora kuba hagizwe nubutaka bwibumba butarwanya imyanda ishobora guteza akaga cyangwa bikarangwa no kubura amazi y’amazi cyangwa ameza y’amazi make, bikarinda ingaruka z’umwanda. Ikoreshwa ry’imyanda y’isuku ryerekana ingaruka nkeya ku buzima no ku bidukikije, ariko ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho imyanda kiri hejuru ugereranije n’ubundi buryo bwo guta imyanda.
Ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa ni byinshi cyangwa bike kimwe n’imyanda y’isuku. Ibi byajugunywe byujuje ibyangombwa byinshi bisabwa kugirango habeho isuku ariko birashobora kubura kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Ibijugunywa bishobora kuba bifite ubushobozi bwateguwe neza ariko nta guteganya selile. Ntabwo hashobora kubaho gucunga igice cyangwa igice, kubika inyandiko shingiro, cyangwa igifuniko gisanzwe.
Imyanda ya bioreactor nigisubizo cyubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga buherutse. Iyi myanda ikoresha mikorobe isumba iyindi kugirango yihute kwangirika. Igenzura ni uburyo bwiyongera bwamazi kugirango akomeze ubushuhe bwiza bwa mikorobe. Amazi yongeweho mukongera kuzenguruka imyanda. Iyo ingano ya leachate idahagije, imyanda y'amazi nk'imyanda ikoreshwa.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation ikoresha mikorobe kugirango isenye kandi ikure umwanda mubutaka bwanduye cyangwa amazi. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugutunganya amavuta yamenetse, amazi mabi yinganda, nubundi buryo bwanduye.Bisanzwe ahantu handuye nubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwimyanda ishobora guteza akaga.
Ifumbire nubundi buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu guta imyanda cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyitunganya aribwo bugenzurwa no kwangirika kwindege ya aerobic yangiza imyanda kama nigikorwa cyinyamaswa zidafite ubuzima na mikorobe. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gufumbira burimo ifumbire mvaruganda ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe nifumbire mvaruganda.
Anaerobic Digestion ikoresha kandi inzira yibinyabuzima kugirango ibore ibikoresho kama. Anaerobic Digestion, ariko, ikoresha ibidukikije bya ogisijeni na bagiteri itabora kugirango ibore imyanda aho ifumbire igomba kuba ifite umwuka kugirango mikorobe ikure.
Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibiranga imyanda, amabwiriza y’ibidukikije, hamwe n’imiterere yaho mugihe uhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya imyanda. Sisitemu yo gucunga imyanda ihuriweho nuburyo bwinshi ikoreshwa mugukemura imigezi itandukanye neza. Byongeye kandi, gukangurira abaturage no kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imyanda no kongera ingufu bigira uruhare runini mu gucunga imyanda irambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2023