Umwanda wa plastike ni ikibazo cyibidukikije gihangayikishije isi. Ibihugu byinshi kandi bikomeje kuzamura ingamba za "plastike ntarengwa", gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bindi, gukomeza gushimangira ubuyobozi bwa politiki, guteza imbere imyumvire y’inganda n’abaturage ku bijyanye n’ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda wa plastike kandi bakagira uruhare mu gukangurira kurwanya umwanda wa plastike, no guteza imbere umusaruro w’icyatsi n’ubuzima.
Plastiki ni iki?
Plastike nicyiciro cyibikoresho bigizwe na sintetike cyangwa igice cya sintetike yo hejuru ya molekile polymers. Izi polymers zirashobora gushingwa binyuze mumikorere ya polymerisiyonike, mugihe monomers ishobora kuba ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa ibimera bikomoka. Ubusanzwe plastiki igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bya termoplastique hamwe na thermosetting ibyiciro bibiri, hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, kurwanya ruswa, kubika neza, plastike ikomeye nibindi biranga. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa plastiki burimo polyethylene, polypropilene, polyvinyl chloride, polystirene, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’imodoka. Nyamara, kubera ko plastiki zigoye kuyitesha agaciro, kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bizamura umwanda w’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibibazo birambye.
Turashobora kubaho ubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi nta plastiki？
Plastike irashobora kwinjira mubice byose byubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, bitewe ahanini nigiciro gito cyumusaruro nigihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe, iyo plastiki ikoreshwa mugupakira ibiryo, kubera ibyiza byayo bibangamira imyuka n’amazi, irashobora kongera igihe cyubuzima bwibiryo, kugabanya ibibazo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa n’imyanda y’ibiribwa. Ibyo bivuze ko bidashoboka ko dukuraho burundu plastike. Nubwo ku isi hari amahitamo menshi, nk'imigano, ikirahure, ibyuma, imyenda, ifumbire mvaruganda ndetse na biodegradable, haracyari inzira ndende yo kubisimbuza byose.
Kubwamahirwe make, ntituzashobora guhagarika burundu plastike kugeza igihe habaye ubundi buryo kubintu byose uhereye kubikoresho byo kubaka no gushiramo imiti kugeza kumacupa yamazi n ibikinisho.
Ingamba zafashwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye
Mugihe imyumvire yo kumenya ububi bwa plastike yiyongereye, ibihugu byinshi byimutse kubuza imifuka ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi hamwe na / cyangwa amafaranga yo gushishikariza abantu guhindukirira ubundi buryo. Nk’uko inyandiko z’umuryango w’abibumbye hamwe n’ibitangazamakuru byinshi bibitangaza, ibihugu 77 ku isi byabujije, kubuza igice cyangwa gusoresha imifuka ya pulasitike imwe rukumbi.
Ubufaransa
Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2023, resitora y’ibiribwa byihuse y’Abafaransa yatangije "plastike ntarengwa" - ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa bigomba gusimburwa n’ibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa. Iri ni amabwiriza mashya mu Bufaransa agabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike mu murima w’imirire nyuma yo kubuzwa gukoresha udusanduku twa paki twa plastike no kubuza gutanga ibyatsi bya pulasitike.
Tayilande
Tayilande yabujije ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike nka mikorobe ya plastike na plastike yangirika ya okiside mu mpera za 2019, ihagarika gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike yoroheje ifite umubyimba uri munsi ya microni 36, ibyatsi bya pulasitike, udusanduku tw’ibiribwa bya styrofoam, ibikombe bya pulasitike, n’ibindi, kandi igera ku ntego 100% yo gutunganya imyanda ya pulasitike mu 2027. imifuka ya pulasitike kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2020.
Ubudage
Mu Budage, amacupa y’ibinyobwa bya pulasitike azarangwa na plastiki 100% ishobora kuvugururwa ahantu hagaragara, ibisuguti, udukoryo, amakariso n’andi mashashi y’ibiribwa na byo byatangiye gukoresha umubare munini wa plastiki zishobora kuvugururwa, ndetse no mu bubiko bwa supermarket, ibicuruzwa bipakira ibicuruzwa, udusanduku twa pulasitike na pallets kugira ngo bitangwe, nabyo bikozwe muri plastiki zishobora kuvugururwa. Gukomeza kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki mu Budage bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kw’imyumvire yo kurengera ibidukikije no gukaza umurego amategeko yo gupakira ibicuruzwa mu Budage no mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Inzira irihuta hagati yibiciro byingufu nyinshi. Kugeza ubu, Ubudage buragerageza kurushaho guteza imbere "imipaka ya pulasitike" mu kugabanya umubare w’ibipfunyika, bunganira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa, kwagura ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifunga ibicuruzwa byongera gukoreshwa, no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibicuruzwa byapakirwa bya pulasitiki. Intambwe y’Ubudage irimo kuba ihame ry’ingenzi mu bihugu by’Uburayi.
Ubushinwa
Nko mu mwaka wa 2008, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa "itegeko ntarengwa rya plastike", ribuza gukora, kugurisha no gukoresha imifuka yo guhaha ya pulasitike ifite umubyimba uri munsi ya mm 0,025 mu gihugu hose, kandi supermarket zose, amaduka, amasoko y’amasoko n’ahandi hantu hacururizwa ibicuruzwa ntibyemewe gutanga imifuka y’ubucuruzi ya pulasitike ku buntu.
Nigute wabikora neza？
Ku bijyanye na 'Nigute wabikora neza', ibyo rwose biterwa no kwemerwa n’ibihugu na guverinoma zabo. Ubundi buryo bwa plastike ningamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastike cyangwa kongera ifumbire ni nziza, ariko, bakeneye kugura mubantu ku kazi.
Ubwanyuma, ingamba zose zisimbuza plastike, zibuza plastike zimwe nkizikoreshwa rimwe, ishishikarizwa gutunganya cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda kandi igashaka ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya plastike bizagira uruhare runini mubyiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-12-2023