Guhumanya kwa pulasitike ni ikibazo cyibidukikije cyo guhangayikishwa ku isi. Ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi bikomeje kuzamura "imipaka ya plastiki", ubushakashatsi kandi butera imbere no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya plastike no kugira uruhare mu kumenya igenzura rya plastike, no guteza imbere umusaruro w'icyatsi n'imibereho.
Plastike ni iki?
Plastics nicyiciro cyibikoresho bigizwe na synthique polymeti yo hejuru ya molemeti. Ibi polymers birashobora gushingwa binyuze mubisubizo byingenzi, mugihe monomeri ishobora kuba ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibice bya peteroli cyangwa ibice bikomoka. Ubusanzwe Plastics igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri kandi bitangaye ibyiciro bibiri, bifite uburemere bworoshye, kurwanya ruswa, insulation nziza, ubushishozi bukomeye nibindi biranga. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa plastike burimo polyethylene, PolyVinyFlene, Chlyvinyl chloride, polyvinyre, polystyrene, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mubipaki, kubaka, gufata amajwi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ariko, kubera ko Plastike bigoye gutesha agaciro, gukoresha igihe kirekire bizamura umwanda wibidukikije nibibazo birambye.
Turashobora kubaho ubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi tudafite plastike?
Plastike irashobora kwinjira mubice byose byubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, cyane cyane kubera amafaranga make yumusaruro no kuramba cyane. Muri icyo gihe, iyo plastike ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo, bitewe na bariyeri nziza ya bariyeri ya gaze n'amazi, birashobora kwagura neza ubuzima bwibiryo, bikagabanya ibibazo byumutekano wibiribwa nimyanda. Ibyo bivuze ko bidashoboka ko dukuraho plastike rwose. Nubwo hari amahitamo menshi kwisi yose, nko mu migano, ikirahure, icyuma, ifumbire kandi bizima, haracyari inzira ndende yo kujya kubasimbuza bose.
Kubwamahirwe, ntituzashobora kubuza plastike rwose kugeza habaye ubundi buryo bwibikoresho byose biva mu kubaka ibikoresho nubuvuzi kumacupa yamazi nibikinisho.
Ingamba zafashwe n'ibihugu ku giti cye
Kubera ko tuzi ububi bwa plastike bwakuze, ibihugu byinshi byimukiye guhagarika imifuka imwe na / cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga yo gushishikariza abantu guhindura ubundi buryo. Nk'uko inyandiko z'umuryango w'abibumbye n'ibinyamakuru byinshi by'itangazamakuru, ibihugu 77 ku isi byarabujije, bibujijwe igice cyangwa bisoreshwa cyangwa gusoreshwa imifuka ya pulasitike.
Ubufaransa
Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama, 2023, resitora y'Abafaransa yihuta yahiritse mu "mpibora ya plastiki" - Imbonwa ka pulasitiki zigomba gusimburwa hamwe nameza yongeye gukoreshwa. Aya ni amabwiriza mashya mu Bufaransa kugirango agarurika gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya plastike mumwanya wo kugaburira nyuma yo kubuza gukoresha agasanduku ko gupakira plastike no kubuza amazi ya plastike.
Tayilande
Tayilande yabujije ibicuruzwa bya plastiki nka microbeads ya plastiki na plastidique bitesha agaciro 2019, bahagaritse gukoresha igikoma cya plastiki cyoroshye. Icyifuzo cyasabwe na Minisiteri y'umutungo kamere n'ibidukikije, kubuza ibigo bikomeye by guhaha n'amaduka yoroshye gutanga imifuka ya pulasitike itagereranywa kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2020.
Ubudage
Mu Budage, amacupa y'ibinyobwa ya plastike azarangwa na plastike 100% rusange mumwanya ukomeye, ibisuguti, pasta, agasanduku k'ibicuruzwa na pallets byo gutanga, nabyo bikozwe muri plastiki ishobora kongerwa. Gukomeza gutera imbere kwa plastike mu Budage bifitanye isano no gukundwa kw'ibitekerezo byo kurinda ibidukikije no gukomera kw'amategeko acuruza ibicuruzwa mu Budage n'Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi. Inzira yihutisha ibiciro byingufu ndende. Kugeza ubu, Ubudage buragerageza kurushaho guteza imbere "umupaka wa plastiki" mu kugabanya ingano y'ibipfunyika, gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibihumyo biboneye, kwagura ibintu byinshi byafunzwe-loop byongera gupakira, no gushiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gutunganya ibishushanyo mbonera. Kwimuka kw'Ubudage birimo kuba igipimo cy'ingenzi muri EU.
Ubushinwa
Nko mu mwaka wa 2008, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa "gahunda ya plastiki ntarengwa", bibuza gutanga umusaruro, kugurisha no gukoresha amaduka maremare mu gihugu hose.
Nigute wabikora neza?
Ku bijyanye no 'ku buryo bwo kubikora neza', ibyo rwose biterwa no kwakirwa n'ibihugu na guverinoma zabo. Ubundi buryo hamwe ningamba zo kugabanya imikoreshereze ya pulasitike cyangwa kongera ifumbire ni byiza, ariko, bakeneye kugura abantu kugirango bakore.
Ubwanyuma, ingamba zose zisimbuye plastiki, zikubuza phostique zimwe nkikoreshwa rimwe, ishishikariza gutunganya cyangwa gufunga no gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya plastike bizagira uruhare runini.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-12-2023