Ni ikihe kibi kiri mu mabwiriza ya EU sup? Inzitizi? Gushyigikirwa?

Ibipapuro byasubijwe - Huizhou Yito Gupakira Co, Ltd.

Ni ikihe kibi kiri mu mabwiriza ya EU sup? Inzitizi? Gushyigikirwa?

Inshingano yibanze: Imiyoborere yubupfumu cya plastike bwamye itavugwaho rumwe, kandi hariho amajwi atandukanye murwego rwumuryango wa sup wiburayi.

Dukurikije ingingo ya 12 y'ibikoresho bya plastike bitagengwaga, Komisiyo y'i Burayi igomba gutanga aya mabwiriza mbere ya 3 Nyakanga, 2021. Igitabo cy'ibinyamakuru byatinze ku mwaka, ariko nticyahinduye igihe kimwe cyagenwe cyerekanwe mu mabwiriza.

 
Amabwiriza ya Plastics yashoboye (EU) 2019/904 ibuza cyane gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya plastike byashoboka, harimo:

Imyenda, amasahani, ibyatsi (ukuyemo ibikoresho byubuvuzi), ibinyobwa bivanze

Ibiryo bimwe nibiryo bikozwe muri polystyrene

Ibinyobwa n'ibikombe bikozwe mu byagutse polystyrene

N'ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri plastishi ya Oxishizi na degrapade

Ingirakamaro kuva ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021.

Ese ibihugu bitandukanye byabanyamuryango bifasha cyangwa kurwanya aya mabwiriza? Biracyagoye kugera ku bwumvikane ndetse bwerekana ibitekerezo bitandukanye rwose.

 
Ubutaliyani burwanya cyane kuberako ikoreshwa rimwe gusa risubirwamo risubirwamo.

Amabwiriza ya Sup (Plastiki yangiritse) amabwiriza yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'inganda za plastike y'Ubutaliyani yabuzaga plastiki yo mu Butaliyani ibibambuzi bibujijwe na plastiki ya biodegradashimekwa kandi yuzuye, hamwe n'ubutaliyani buyobora inzira muri urwo rwego.

Conceutustria kandi yanenze umurongo ngenderwaho w'amabwiriza yemejwe na komisiyo ishinzwe uburayi, yabuzaga ibikomoka ku bintu bya plastike munsi ya 10%.

Irlande ishyigikira amabwiriza ya sup, kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri plastiki ishoboka no kwibanda ku gutunganya.

Irlande yizeye kuyobora udushya muri uyu murima binyuze muri politiki isobanutse neza. Izi ni intambwe bazatwara:

 
(1) Gutangiza gahunda yo kwishyura

Gahunda yubukungu izengurutse gahunda yo gutangiza gahunda yo kubitsa no gusubizwa amacupa ya plastike hamwe nimboga y'ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu by Audimn. Igisubizo gishishikajwe cyane no gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda vuba bishoboka.

Gukemura ikibazo cya sup ntabwo ari ugukumira imyanda gusa, ahubwo bisaba no gutekereza cyane ku bukungu bw'uruziga, bugomba kuboneka nkimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byakozwe n'imirenge yose kugirango bakire imibereho yose kugirango babone imibereho yose kugirango babone imiti yose.

Irlande ifite amahirwe akomeye yo gukurikiza no guteza imbere imigenzo n'ibikorwa kugirango bigabanye ibicuruzwa kugirango tugere ku gahunda yacu yubukungu. Bigereranijwe ko bitewe no gutakaza ibikoresho byo gupakira plastiki, ubukungu bwisi butakaza miliyari 8-120 buri mwaka - gusa 5% gusa byagaciro bigumirwa kugirango bigerweho.

 
(2) kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri sup

Mu bukungu bwacu buzenguruka gahunda y'ibikorwa, twiyemeje kugabanya cyane umubare w'ibikombe bya App hamwe n'ibiryo dukoresha. Tuzasesengura byinshi kugirango tugabanye imikoreshereze yibicuruzwa bya plastike byateje, nkahanagura, imifuka ya pulasitike irimo umusarani, hamwe nimifuka ihira ibiryo.

Icyifuzo cyacu cya mbere ni igikombe cya kawa 22000 cyatunganijwe buri saha muri Irilande. Ibi biririndwa rwose, kuko hari ubundi buryo bwongeye gukoreshwa hamwe nabaguzi kugiti cyabo bahitamo kugabanya imikoreshereze, ni ngombwa mugihe cyinzibacyuho cyo gucwa.

Turizera gushishikariza abaguzi gutanga amahitamo akwiye binyuze mu ngamba zikurikira:

Kimwe n'umusoro wa pulasitike, bizaterwa ahabigenewe byose (harimo na compostable / biodedatable) ibikombe bya kawa muri 2022.

Guhera kuri 2022, tuzagerageza kubuza gukoresha ibikombe bitari ngombwa (nko kwicara mu iduka rya kawa)

Guhera kuri 2022, tuzahatira kandi abacuruzi ibiciro biri hasi kubaguzi bafite ubushake bwo gukoresha ibikombe.

Tuzakora imishinga yindege ahantu hatamenyerewe hamwe no mumijyi iboneye, ikuraho burundu ibikombe bya kawa, kandi amaherezo kugera kubuzwa burundu.

Iserukiralindire cyangwa ibindi bintu bikomeye-binini bitegura kuva mubicuruzwa bitashoboka kubicuruzwa bikoreshwa binyuze muri sisitemu yemewe cyangwa igenamigambi.

 
(3) Kora abaproducer bashinzwe

Mu bukungu nyabwo, abakora ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba nyirabayazana wo guhagarika ibicuruzwa bashyize ku isoko. Inshingano ya Producer Inshingano (EPR) nuburyo bwa politiki y'ibidukikije aho inshingano za producer zigera zigera ku cyiciro cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa.

Muri Irilande, twakoresheje ubu buryo bwo gukora imigezi myinshi yo guta imyanda, harimo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byajugunywemo amashanyarazi, bateri, gupakira, amapine, na plastique.

Dufatiye kuri iyi ntsinzi, tuzashyiraho ibisubizo bishya bya EPR kubicuruzwa byinshi byaduke:

Ibicuruzwa by'itabi birimo muyungurura plastike (mbere ya 5 Mutarama 2023)

Wipes itose (mbere ya 31 Ukuboza 2024)

Ballon (mbere ya 31 Ukuboza 2024)

Nubwo atari tekiniki umushinga wa sup, tuzamenyekanisha politiki yibasiye ibikoresho byo kuroba bya plastike mbere ya 31 Ukuboza 2024 kugirango bigabanye imyanda ya plastike.

 
(4) kubuza gushyira ibyo bicuruzwa ku isoko

Amabwiriza azatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 3 Nyakanga, no guhera kuri iyo tariki, Ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bitagaragara bizabuzwa gushyirwa ku isoko rya Irilande:

· Pipette

· Agite

isahani

imbonerahamwe

Chopsticks

Ibikombe bya Polystyrene nibikoresho byibiribwa

Ipamba

Ibicuruzwa byose birimo plastidics bitesha agaciro (ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa bya plastike gusa)

 
Byongeye kandi, guhera ku ya 3, Nyakanga 202, ibinyobwa byose (icupa, agasanduku k'ikarito, n'ibindi) ntibibujijwe kugurishwa ku isoko rya Irilande.

Guhera kuri 20 Mutaramanya, amacupa iyo ari yo yose itarimo 30% isubirwamo nayo izabuzwa gukoreshwa.

 
Amashuri yatoranijwe mu mahanga Amakuru y'Ubushinwa:

Guhera kuva ku ya 3 Nyakanga, ibihugu bigize Umunyamuryango wa EU bizaba ngombwa gusezera ku gukoresha plastiki ishoboka na biodegradable, kandi yemerera gusa ikoreshwa rya plastiki zisubirwamo. Komisiyo y'iburayi yategetse ko badashobora gushyirwa ku isoko ry'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi kuko yemera ko Plastique ari bibi ku buzima bwo mu nyanja, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, n'ubuzima bwacu. Kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bitashoboka birashobora gufasha kurinda ubuzima bwabantu nubusi.

Iyi politiki irashobora kugira ingaruka cyane mubuzima nakazi k'inshuti zacu z'Abashinwa n'inzira.

Reka turebe ibintu bizasohoka buhoro buhoro ubundi buryo burambye nyuma ya 3 Nyakanga:

Kurugero, mubirori, imitwaro, icupa ingofero ifite ubushobozi butarenze litiro 3, ibikombe bya polystyrene, ibikoresho byanditse, ibyapa, nibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa byemewe.

Inganda zipfunyika ibiryo nazo zizahatirwa guhinduka, hamwe no gupakira ibiryo bitagikoreshwa plastikiode biodegradable hanyuma ukoresheje impapuro gusa.

Hariho kandi napkine y'isuku, tampon, ihanagura, imifuka, na pamba. Akayaga k'itabi kazahinduka kandi, kandi inganda zo kuroba nazo zizahagarika ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya plastike (ukurikije toni 640000 zo kuroba hamwe n'ibikoresho bya plastike bijugunywa mu nyanja buri mwaka, ni abanyabyaha nyamukuru mu gusenya inyanja)

Ibicuruzwa bizagenzurwa binyuze mu ngamba zitandukanye, nko kugabanya gukoresha no gutanga ibicuruzwa bishyuye 'amafaranga yanduye'.

Birumvikana ko ingamba zishimishije kandi zishingiye ku bihugu byinshi, kuko iyi yimuka nayo izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mirimo 160000 n'inganda zose mu Butaliyani.

Kandi Ubutaliyani kandi bukora ibishoboka byose ngo ananire, mu masaha make ya Roberlani, yahinduye ibidukikije, yibasiwe ati: "Igitekerezo cya EU cyabujijwe kiratangaje cyane. Urashobora gukoresha plastike zisubirwamo kandi ntukemere gukoresha plastiki ya Biodegrapadedable. Igihugu cyacu kiyoboye mu murima wa plastikiodique ya Biodegradable, ariko ntidushobora kubikoresha kuko hari amabwiriza asekeje avuga 'gusa plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa'.

Ibi birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubyohereza ibicuruzwa bito biva mubushinwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, byohereza ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu bihugu by'Uburayi birashobora kugengwa n'ibisabwa. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi uhaha cyane uburinzi bw'ibidukikije, niyo mpamvu hariho inyanja nyinshi zizwi, nziza kandi zisobanutse, n'amashyamba meza.

Sinzi niba abantu bose babibonye, ​​urugero, ibiryo byihuse nka McDonald byasimbuye bucece imitako ya plastiki hamwe nimpimbanyi hamwe nimpapuro zimpapuro n'ipfunyika. Ahari mugihe cyambere cyo gushyira mubikorwa ingamba, abantu ntibashobora kumenyera, ariko buhoro buhoro bazemerwa nkibisanzwe.

Gusubiramo politiki ya plastike yibanze nintego:

Impinduka nini ziraza vuba, ariko niba tubyemera, dushobora kubona inyungu zubukungu, ibidukikije, ndetse n'imibereho, no gushyira Irilande ku isonga ryahinduwe mubukungu bwuzuye.

 
1. Gushiraho sisitemu ifunze yo kugabanya ibicuruzwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze ya plastike

Mbere, uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura bwo kuvura plastiki mu Burayi bwagombaga kubajyana mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Aziya, cyangwa ubucuruzi buciriritse muri Amerika yepfo. Kandi izi npongo nto zifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukemura plastike, kandi amaherezo imyanda ishobora gutereranwa gusa cyangwa gushyingurwa mucyaro, bigatera umwanda mubi. Noneho, Ubushinwa bwafunze umuryango "imyanda y'ububanyi n'amahanga", itwara Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi gushimangira kuvura plastike.

2. Kubaka ibikorwa remezo bya plastike

3. Kuzamura kugabanuka kwa plastike ku nkomoko no guteza imbere gusubiramo

Gushimangira kugabanuka kwa pulasitike ku isoko bigomba kuba icyerekezo nyamukuru cya politiki ya pulasitike. Kugabanya igisekuru cyimyanya, icyambere kigomba gutangwa kugabanya isoko no kongera kugabanuka, mugihe gusubiramo bigomba kuba "gahunda".

4. Kunoza ibicuruzwa

'Ubundi gahunda' yo gutunganya yerekeza kuri politiki yo gushishikariza abakora ibicuruzwa byabo no gushyiraho ibintu byibuze byo gutunganya (ni ukuvuga igipimo cyibikoresho byo gusubiramo birimo) mugusubiza imikoreshereze idashobora kwiringirwa ya plastiki. Hano, 'amasoko ya leta yicyatsi' agomba guhinduka kimwe mubipimo byingenzi byunganda.

5. Muganire ku buryo bwo gutanga umusoro wa plastike

Muri iki gihe, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi urimo kuganira no gutanga umusoro wa plastike, ariko niba politiki yihariye izashyirwa mubikorwa ntikiramenyekana.

 
Bwana Favoino kandi yatanze ibiciro bya plastiki eu: Igipimo cya plastiki ku isi gifite 15% gusa, mugihe kiri mu Burayi ni 40%.

 
Ibi birakwiye kubera inshingano zagutse (EPR) yashyizweho nubumwe bwi Burayi, abakora basabwa kugira igice cyibiciro byo gusubiramo. Ariko, ndetse na sisitemu nkiyi, 50% gusa byipakingira pulasitike muburayi bisubirwamo. Rero, gutunganya plastike ntibihagije.

Niba nta ngamba zafashwe hakurikijwe imigendekere yuburyo, umusaruro wa plastiki ku isi uzaba kabiri kuri 2050, kandi uburemere bwa plastike mu nyanja buzarenza uburemere bw'amafi.

Feel free to discuss with William : williamchan@yitolibrary.com