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Ni ikihe kibi kijyanye n'amabwiriza ya EU SUP?Kwanga?Gushyigikirwa?
Gusoma ibyingenzi: Imiyoborere y’umwanda wa plastike yamye itavugwaho rumwe, kandi hariho n'amajwi atandukanye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Dukurikije ingingo ya 12 y’amabwiriza y’imyanda ikoreshwa, Komisiyo y’Uburayi igomba gutanga aya mabwiriza mbere y’itariki ya 3 Nyakanga 2021. Itangazwa ry’aya mabwiriza ryatinze hafi umwaka, ariko ntiryigeze rihindura igihe ntarengwa cyagenwe muri aya mabwiriza.
Amabwiriza ya Disposable Plastics (EU) 2019/904 abuza cyane cyane gukoresha ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa, harimo:
Ibikoresho byo kumeza, amasahani, ibyatsi (usibye ibikoresho byubuvuzi), kuvanga ibinyobwa
Ibikoresho bimwe byibiribwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse
Ibinyobwa n'ibikombe bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri plastike ya okiside kandi yangirika
Guhera ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021.
Ibihugu bitandukanye bigize umuryango bishyigikira cyangwa birwanya aya mabwiriza?Biracyagoye kumvikana ndetse no kwerekana ibitekerezo bitandukanye rwose.
Ubutaliyani burabyamagana cyane kuko ikoreshwa ryonyine ryemewe ni plastiki ikoreshwa neza.
Amabwiriza y’ibihugu by’i Burayi SUP (Disposable Plastics) yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’inganda za pulasitike mu Butaliyani kandi yanenzwe n’abayobozi bakuru b’Ubutaliyani kuba babujije plastiki y’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda, Ubutaliyani bukaba buza ku isonga muri urwo rwego.
Confindustria yanenze umurongo ngenderwaho wo gusaba amabwiriza ya SUP yemejwe na komisiyo y’Uburayi, yongereye ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa birimo plastiki biri munsi ya 10%.
Irlande ishyigikiye amabwiriza ya SUP, igabanya gushingira kuri plastiki ikoreshwa kandi yibanda ku gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Irlande yizeye kuyobora udushya muri uru rwego binyuze mu gushimangira politiki isobanutse.Izi ni zimwe mu ntambwe bazatera:
(1) Tangiza gahunda yo gusubiza amafaranga
Gahunda y’ibikorwa by’ubukungu by’umudugudu isezeranya gutangiza gahunda yo kubitsa no gusubizwa amacupa ya pulasitike n’ibinyobwa by’ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu mu gihe cyizuba 2022. Igisubizo cyakiriwe n’inama nyunguranabitekerezo rusange kigaragaza ko abaturage bifuza cyane gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda vuba bishoboka.
Gukemura ikibazo cya sup ntabwo ari ukurinda imyanda gusa, ahubwo bisaba no gutekereza cyane ku ihinduka ry’ubukungu bw’umuzingi, bigomba gufatwa nkimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byakozwe n’inzego zose mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Irlande ifite amahirwe akomeye yo kwemeza no guteza imbere ibikorwa n'ibikorwa byo kugabanya imikoreshereze y'umutungo kugirango tugere kuri gahunda yacu y'ubukungu.Bigereranijwe ko kubera gutakaza ibikoresho bipfunyika bya pulasitike, ubukungu bwisi yose butakaza miliyari 8-120 z'amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka - 5% gusa byagaciro kagumaho kugirango bikoreshwe.
(2) Kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri SUP
Muri Gahunda Yubukungu Yumuzingi Gahunda Yibikorwa, twiyemeje kugabanya cyane umubare wibikombe bya SUP nibikoresho bikoresha.Tuzashakisha uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa, nkahanagura, imifuka ya pulasitike irimo ubwiherero, n’imifuka ihumura ibiryo.
Duhangayikishijwe cyane ni ibikombe 22000 bya kawa bitunganywa buri saha muri Irilande.Ibi biririndwa rwose, kuko hariho ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa kandi abakoresha kugiti cyabo bahitamo kugabanya imikoreshereze, ningirakamaro mugihe cyinzibacyuho yo gutegeka.
Turizera gushishikariza abakiriya guhitamo neza binyuze mu ngamba zikurikira:
Kimwe n'umusoro w'amashashi ya pulasitike, uzishyurwa ku bikombe byose bya kawa (harimo ifumbire mvaruganda / biodegradable) mu 2022.
Guhera mu 2022, tuzagerageza kubuza gukoresha ibikombe bidakenewe (nko kwicara mu iduka rya kawa)
Guhera mu 2022, tuzahatira kandi abadandaza kugabanya ibiciro kubaguzi bafite ubushake bwo gukoresha ibikombe bikoreshwa.
Tuzakora imishinga yicyitegererezo ahantu hatoranijwe no mumijyi, dukureho burundu ibikombe bya kawa, kandi amaherezo tuzabuza burundu.
Shyigikira ibirori cyangwa ibindi binini binini byateguye ibirori kugirango bahindure ibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa bongera gukoreshwa binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutanga uruhushya.
(3) Kora abaproducer bashinzwe
Mu bukungu nyabwo buzenguruka, ababikora bagomba kuba bashinzwe kuramba kubicuruzwa bashyize kumasoko.Inshingano Yagutse Yumucungamutungo (EPR) nuburyo bwa politiki y ibidukikije aho inshingano zumusaruro zigera kumurongo wanyuma wibicuruzwa byubuzima.
Muri Irilande, twakoresheje neza ubu buryo kugira ngo dukemure imigezi myinshi, harimo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byajugunywe, bateri, gupakira, amapine, na plastiki z'ubuhinzi.
Dufatiye kuri iyi ntsinzi, tuzamenyekanisha ibisubizo bishya bya EPR kubicuruzwa byinshi bya SUP:
Ibicuruzwa byitabi birimo filteri ya plastike (mbere yitariki ya 5 Mutarama 2023)
Ihanagura neza (mbere yitariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2024)
Ballon (mbere y'itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2024)
Nubwo atari tekiniki umushinga wa SUP, tuzashyiraho kandi politiki yibanda kubikoresho byo kuroba bya pulasitike mbere yitariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2024 kugabanya imyanda ya plastike yo mu nyanja.
(4) Kubuza gushyira ibyo bicuruzwa ku isoko
Aya mabwiriza azatangira gukurikizwa ku ya 3 Nyakanga, kandi guhera kuri iyo tariki, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa bikurikira birabujijwe gushyirwa ku isoko rya Irilande:
· Pipette
· Abakangurambaga
isahani
ibikoresho byo kumeza
amacupa
Ibikombe bya polystirene hamwe nibikoresho byokurya
Impamba
Ibicuruzwa byose birimo plastike ya okiside yangirika (ntabwo ari plastiki ikoreshwa gusa)
Byongeye kandi, guhera ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2024, ikinyobwa icyo ari cyo cyose (icupa, agasanduku k'ikarito, n'ibindi) bitarenze litiro 3 bizabuzwa kugurishwa ku isoko rya Irilande.
Guhera muri Mutarama 2030, amacupa yose ya pulasitike adafite 30% yibikoresho bisubirwamo nabyo bizabuzwa gukoreshwa.
Ibyatoranijwe mu mahanga Amakuru y'Ubushinwa:
Guhera ku ya 3 Nyakanga, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba gusezera ku ikoreshwa rya plastiki zikoreshwa kandi zishobora kwangirika, kandi zikemerera gusa gukoresha plastiki zishobora gukoreshwa.Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeje ko idashobora gushyirwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuko yemera ko plastiki zangiza ubuzima bw’inyanja, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, n’ubuzima bwacu.Kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya pulasitike birashobora gukoreshwa kurinda ubuzima bwabantu nisi.
Iyi politiki irashobora guhindura cyane ubuzima nakazi kinshuti zacu zishinwa ninzira.
Reka turebe ibintu bizagenda bisimburwa buhoro buhoro nubundi buryo burambye nyuma yitariki ya 3 Nyakanga:
Kurugero, mubirori, imipira, imipira yamacupa ifite ubushobozi butarenze litiro 3, ibikombe byinshi bya polystirene, ibikoresho byo kumeza, ibyatsi, hamwe namasahani, ibicuruzwa byongeye gukoreshwa biremewe gukoreshwa.
Inganda zipakira ibiryo nazo zizahatirwa guhinduka, hamwe no gupakira ibiryo bitagikoresha plastiki ibora kandi ikoresha impapuro gusa.
Hariho kandi udukariso twisuku, tampon, guhanagura, imifuka, hamwe nudupapuro.Akayunguruzo k'itabi nako kazahinduka, kandi inganda z'uburobyi nazo zizabuza gukoresha ibikoresho bya pulasitike (nk'uko Greenpeace ibivuga, toni 640000 z'urushundura rwo kuroba hamwe na pulasitike y'ibikoresho bajugunywa mu nyanja buri mwaka, kandi mu byukuri, ni byo by'ingenzi abanyabyaha mu gusenya inyanja)
Ibicuruzwa bizagenzurwa hifashishijwe ingamba zitandukanye, nko kugabanya ibyo zikoresha ndetse n’abakora ibicuruzwa bishyura 'amafaranga y’umwanda'.
Birumvikana ko ingamba nkizo zanakunze kunengwa n’impaka zituruka mu bihugu byinshi, kuko iki gikorwa kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mirimo 160000 n’inganda zose za pulasitike mu Butaliyani.
Kandi Ubutaliyani nabwo burimo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo burwanye, mu masaha make ashize, Roberto Cingolani, Minisitiri w’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, yibasiye ati: “Ibisobanuro by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi birabuza cyane.Urashobora gukoresha gusa plastiki zishobora gukoreshwa kandi ntukemere gukoresha plastike ibora.Igihugu cyacu kiyoboye mubijyanye na plastiki ishobora kwangirika, ariko ntidushobora kubikoresha kuko hariho amabwiriza asebanya avuga ngo 'hashobora gukoreshwa gusa plastiki zishobora gukoreshwa'.
Ibi birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa byoherejwe mubushinwa.Mu bihe biri imbere, kohereza ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike mu bihugu by’Uburayi birashobora gukumirwa n’ibisabwa.Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi uha agaciro gakomeye kurengera ibidukikije, niyo mpamvu hari inyanja nyinshi zizwi cyane, inyanja nziza kandi nziza, n’amashyamba meza.
Sinzi niba abantu bose barabonye, kurugero, ibiryo byihuse nka McDonald byasimbuje bucece ibyatsi bya pulasitike hamwe nigipfundikizo cyigikombe hamwe nipfundikizo zimpapuro.Ahari mubyiciro byambere byo gushyira mubikorwa ingamba, abantu ntibashobora kubimenyera, ariko buhoro buhoro bazemerwa nkibisanzwe.
Gusubiramo politiki y’ibikorwa bya EU byihutirwa n’intego:
Impinduka nini ziraza vuba, ariko nitubyemera, dushobora kubona inyungu zubukungu, ibidukikije, n’imibereho, kandi tugashyira Irlande kumwanya wambere mubyahindutse mubukungu.
1. Gushiraho uburyo bufunze-bugabanya kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Mbere, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya imyanda iva mu Burayi kwari ukuyijyana mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu bya Aziya, cyangwa ubucuruzi buciriritse muri Amerika y'Epfo.Kandi ibyo bigo bito bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya plastiki, kandi amaherezo imyanda irashobora gutereranwa cyangwa gushyingurwa mucyaro, bigatera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije.Ubu, Ubushinwa bwafunze umuryango w’imyanda y’amahanga, ituma Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ushimangira uburyo bwo gufata neza plastiki.
2. Kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo gutunganya inyuma ya plastike
3. Gutezimbere kugabanya plastike ku isoko no guteza imbere gutunganya
Gushimangira kugabanya plastike ku isoko bigomba kuba icyerekezo nyamukuru cya politiki ya plastike.Kugabanya kubyara imyanda, hagomba gushyirwa imbere kugabanya inkomoko no kuyikoresha, mugihe gutunganya ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba "ubundi buryo".
4. Kunoza ibicuruzwa bisubirwamo
'Ubundi buryo' bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bivuga politiki yo gushishikariza abayikora kunoza igihe kirekire cyibicuruzwa byabo no gushyiraho byibuze ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa (ni ukuvuga igipimo cyibikoresho bisubirwamo bipfunyika bya pulasitike birimo) hasubijwe ikoreshwa rya plastiki ridashoboka.Hano, 'Icyiciro rusange cyamasoko rusange' kigomba guhinduka kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byinganda.
5. Muganire ku buryo bwo gutanga umusoro wa plastiki
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urimo kuganira ku bijyanye no gutanga umusoro wa plastiki, ariko niba politiki yihariye izashyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza ubu ntikiramenyekana.
Bwana Favoino yatanze kandi ibiciro bimwe na bimwe byo gutunganya plastike y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: igipimo cyo gutunganya plastiki ku isi ni 15% gusa, mu gihe mu Burayi ni 40% -50%.
Ibi tubikesha uburyo bwagutse bwa Producer Responsibility (EPR) bwashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, aho ababikora basabwa kwishyura igice cy’ibiciro byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.Nubwo, hamwe na sisitemu nkiyi, 50% byapakirwa plastike muburayi byongeye gukoreshwa.Rero, gutunganya plastike ntabwo biri kure bihagije.
Niba nta ngamba zafashwe ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze ubu, umusaruro wa pulasitiki ku isi uzikuba kabiri mu 2050, kandi uburemere bwa plastike mu nyanja buzarenza uburemere bw’amafi.
Feel free to discuss with William : williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-16-2023